Estimating the greenhouse gas emission factor of motorcycles under real-world driving conditions in Hanoi: a case study
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Từ khóa:
emission factor, GHG, GPS, motorcycle, IVE
Tóm tắt
The lack of country-specific greenhouse gas (GHG) emission factors vehicles in Vietnam makes the emissions inventory in the transport sector more difficult. This study developed the country-specific GHG emission factor in terms of CO2 equivalent for motorcycles (MCs) in Hanoi to overcome the above impediment. The real-world driving data, instantaneous speed versus time, were collected on the 30 road routes in Hanoi using a GPS device. A filtering process of nine-step was designed to repair misleading speed values and denoise signals before entering the International Vehicle Emissions (IVE) model. The typical GHG emission factor for the MC fleet in Hanoi was approximately 90.83 g/km. This study also found a remarkable difference in the MC’s specific power-related bins distribution between the real-world driving characteristics of the MC in Hanoi and the ones of the World Motorcycle Test Cycle. This contributes to reconfirming the necessity of developing the GHG emission factor based on the very real-world driving data of VietnamTài liệu tham khảo
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[30]. N. T. Yen-Lien, K. N. Duc, Q. C. Minh, Y. T. T. Hai, M. B. Le Hong, A study on the determination of the real-world driving characteristics of motorcycles in Hanoi, Transport and Communications Science Journal, 73 (2022) 412-26. https://doi.org/10.47869/tcsj.73.4.6
[2]. K. Hirota, S. Kashima, How are automobile fuel quality standards guaranteed? Evidence from Indonesia, Malaysia and Vietnam, Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, (2020) 100089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2019.100089
[3]. Huong Le, F. Posada, Z. Yang, Electric two-wheeler market growth in Vietnam: An overview, International Council on Clean Transportation, (2022).
[4]. Vietnam Government, Nationally determined contributions (NDC) updated 2022, 2022.
[5]. SAID Low Emissions Asian Development Program (LEAD), Current challenges and priorities for greenhouse gas emission factor improvement in select Asian countries, United States Agency 2013.
[6]. C. Peitzmeier, C. Loschke, H. Wiedenhaus, O. Klemm, Real-world vehicle emissions as measured by in situ analysis of exhaust plumes, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24 (2017) 23279-89. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9941-1
[7]. H. D. Tung, H. Y. Tong, W. T. Hung, N. T. N. Anh, Development of emission factors and emission inventories for motorcycles and light duty vehicles in the urban region in Vietnam, Science of the Total Environment, 409 (2011) 2761–7. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.04.013
[8]. N. T. Kim Oanh, M. T. T. Phuong, D. A. Permadi, Analysis of motorcycle fleet in Hanoi for estimation of air pollution emission and climate mitigation co-benefit of technology implementation, Atmospheric environment, 59 (2012) 438-48. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.04.057
[9]. T.-D. Nghiem, Y.-L. T. Nguyen, A.-T. Le, N.-D. Bui, H.-T. Pham, Development of the specific emission factors for buses in Hanoi, Vietnam, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26 (2019) 24176–89. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05634-9
[10]. Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE), Dispatch No. 3051/BTNMT-TCMT: Technical guidance for the formulation of provincial air quality management plan, 2020. (In Vietnamese).
[11]. Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE), Decision No. 2626/QĐ-BTNMT: The list of emission coefficients serving the greenhouse gas inventory, (2022) (In Vietnamese)
[12]. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2006 IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories. Vol 2: Energy. (Accessed April 22th 2023) https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/vol2.html
[13]. H. Y. Tong, W. T. Hung, A Framework for Developing Driving Cycles with On-Road Driving Data, Transport Reviews: A Transnational Transdisciplinary Journal, 30 (2010) 589-615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01441640903286134
[14]. Google, 2022. Google Earth. Accessed 10th May. https://earth.google.com/web/
[15]. GARMIN, 2021. Garmin GPS Navigation. Accessed 25th April. http://gpsgarmin.vn/Danh-Muc/San-Pham/150/garmin-gps-handhelds.aspx
[16]. A. Duran, M. Earleywine, GPS Data Filtration Method for Drive Cycle Analysis Applications, SAE 2012 World Congress: National Renewable Energy Lab.(NREL), Golden, CO (United States), 2012.
[17]. Y.-L. T. Nguyen, T.-D. Nghiem, A.-T. Le, N.-D. Bui, Development of the typical driving cycle for buses in Hanoi, Vietnam, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 69 (2019) 423-37. https://doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2018.1543736
[18]. Y.-L. T. Nguyen, N.-D. Bui, T.-D. Nghiem, A.-T. Le, GPS data processing for driving cycle development in Hanoi, Vietnam, Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 15 (2020) 1429 - 40.
[19]. D. N. Khanh, T. N. Yen-Lien, T. N. Duy, T.-D. Nghiem, A.-T. Le, T. P. Huu, A robust method for collecting and processing the on-road instantaneous data of fuel consumption and speed for motorcycles, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 71 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1080/10962247.2020.1834470
[20]. C. T. Dung, T. Miwa, H. Sato, T. Morikawa, Analysis on Characteristics of Passenger Car and Motorcycle Fleets and Their Driving Conditions in Developing Country: A Case Study in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, 11 (2015) 890-905. http://dx.doi.org/10.11175/easts.11.890
[21]. N. H. Duc, T. Michimasa, B. H. Long, N. T. L. Hang, N. B. Ngoc, L. T. Thuy, N. T. Dung, Project: Building traffic safety strategy for motorbikes and action plan: a start of Vietnam. Code: TRN/FAC/12/006/REG, Ministry of Transport, 2019.
[22]. T. T. Trang, H. H. Van, N. T. K. Oanh, Traffic emission inventory for estimation of air quality and climate co-benefits of faster vehicle technology intrusion in Hanoi, Vietnam, Carbon Management, 6 (2015) 117-28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2015.1093694
[23]. N. T. Y. Lien, N. T. Dung, Health co-benefits of climate change mitigation for the bus system of Hanoi, Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology, 56 (2018) 312-23. http://doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/56/3/9398
[24]. O. Ghaffarpasand, M. R. Talaie, H. Ahmadikia, A. T. Khozani, M. D. Shalamzari, S. Majidi, Real-world evaluation of driving behaviour and emission performance of motorcycle transportation in developing countries: A case study of Isfahan, Iran, Urban Climate, 39 (2021) 100923. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2021.100923
[25]. H. Guo, Q.-y. Zhang, Y. Shi, D.-h. Wang, Evaluation of the International Vehicle Emission (IVE) model with on-road remote sensing measurements, Journal of environmental sciences (China), 19 (2007) 818-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1001-0742(07)60137-5
[26]. International Sustainable Systems Research Center, International Vehicle Emissions (IVE): Model Overview and Model Users Manual. http://www.issrc.org/ive/.
[27]. T. T. Nguyen, T. D. Nghiem, T. T. Tran, Potentiality of Co-benefits of climate and air quality in fuel switching for Hanoi bus system, Journal of Science and Technology, 49 (2011) 117-28. https://doi.org/10.15625/0866-708X
[28]. S. Carrese, A. Gemma, S. La Spada, Impacts of driving behaviours, slope and vehicle load factor on bus fuel consumption and emissions: a real case study in the city of Rome, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 87 (2013) 211-21. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.10.605
[29]. A. Wang, Y. Ge, J. Tan, M. Fu, A. N. Shah, Y. Ding, H. Zhao, B. Liang, On-road pollutant emission and fuel consumption characteristics of buses in Beijing, Journal of Environmental Sciences, 23 (2011) 419-26. http://doi.org/10.1016/S1001-0742(10)60426-3
[30]. N. T. Yen-Lien, K. N. Duc, Q. C. Minh, Y. T. T. Hai, M. B. Le Hong, A study on the determination of the real-world driving characteristics of motorcycles in Hanoi, Transport and Communications Science Journal, 73 (2022) 412-26. https://doi.org/10.47869/tcsj.73.4.6
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Nhận bài
19/04/2023
Nhận bài sửa
20/07/2023
Chấp nhận đăng
22/07/2023
Xuất bản
15/09/2023
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Kiểu trích dẫn
Nguyen Thi Yen, L., & Than Thi Hai, Y. (1694710800). Estimating the greenhouse gas emission factor of motorcycles under real-world driving conditions in Hanoi: a case study. Tạp Chí Khoa Học Giao Thông Vận Tải, 74(7), 764-774. https://doi.org/10.47869/tcsj.74.7.1
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