Chloride ions diffusion in reinforced concrete structure under flexural loading: experiment and lattice modelling
Email:
phamductho@humg.edu.vn
Keywords:
Chloride ion, Bending test, Diffusivity, Lattice model.
Abstract
Chloride ions diffusion is a main reason for localized corrosion of reinforcing steel in concrete. Study on the effect of chloride ions diffusion on corrosion behavior of the steel is of importance for corrosion protection. This paper presents the use of experiment and lattice model to investigate the effect of flexural loading level on the diffusion of chloride during four-point bending test. Three loading levels 0%, 40% and 60% were carried out to study the effect of crack on the chloride profile and diffusivity coefficient. Hydro-mechanical lattice modelling is proposed to model chloride ingress in the concrete under different level loading. The chloride diffusion coefficient of concrete is affected by the crack opening, and there exist upper and lower limits. The experiments show that the development of first crack in beam concrete is occurred at load of 4 kN and the ultimate load at failure is 12.5 kN. These results also show that the increasing chloride profile and diffusivity during the bending test. The proposed model allows predicting the experimental results for higher loading level. As compared with the experimental results, the proposed model is reasonably predicting the free chloride profile for sound and damaged concrete. The proposed model predicts the diffusivity coefficient due to damage up to 80% loading level, the diffusivity increases around ten times undamaged specimen. The present results show that the proposed hydro-mechanical lattice model is a useful tool for predicting the durability of concrete structure under service load.References
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[16]. D. T. Pham, T. D. Nguyen, M. N. Vu, A. Chinkulkijniwat, Mesoscale approach to numerical modelling of thermo-mechanical behaviour of concrete at high temperature, Eur. J. Environ. Civ. Eng., 25 (2019) 1392-1348. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19648189.2019.1577762
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[2]. M. Ismail, A. Toumi, R. François, R. Gagné, Effect of crack opening on the local diffusion of chloride in cracked mortar samples, Cem. Concr. Res., 38 (2008) 1106–1111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2008.03.009.
[3]. A. Djerbi, S. Bonnet, A. Khelidj, V. Baroghel-bouny, Influence of traversing crack on chloride diffusion into concrete, Cem. Concr. Res., 38 (2008) 877-883. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2007.10.007
[4]. J. Wang, P. A. M. Basheer, S. V. Nanukuttan, A. E. Long, Y. Bai, Influence of service loading and the resulting micro-cracks on chloride resistance of concrete, Constr. Build. Mater., 108 (2016) 56–66. https://doi.orgdoi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.01.005
[5]. Chun-ping Gu, Guang Ye, Wei Sun, A review of the chloride transport properties of cracked concrete: experiments and simulations SpringerLink, Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE A, 16 (2015) 81–92.
[6]. T. T. Tran, D.T Phạm, M.N Vu, V.Q Truong, X.B Ho, N.L Tran, T.Nguyen - Sy, Q.D To, Relation between water permeability and chloride diffusivity of concrete under compressive stress: Experimental investigation and mesoscale lattice modelling, Constr. Build. Mater., 267 (2021) 121164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.121164
[7]. E. Kato, Y. Kato, T. Uomoto, Development of Simulation Model of Chloride Ion Transportation in Cracked Concrete, J. Adv. Concr. Technol., 3 (2005) 85-94.
[8]. C.-M. Aldea, S. P. Shah, A. Karr, Effect of Cracking on Water and Chloride Permeability of Concrete, J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 11 (1999) 181–187.
[9]. N. Gowripalan, V. Sirivivatnanon, C. C. Lim, Chloride diffusivity of concrete cracked in flexure, Cem. Concr. Res., 30 (2000) 725–730. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(00)00216-7
[10]. E. Schlangen, J. G. M. van Mier, Simple lattice model for numerical simulation of fracture of concrete materials and structures, Mater. Struct., 25 (1992) 534–542.
[11]. R. Ince, A. Arslan, B. L. Karihaloo, Lattice modelling of size effect in concrete strength, Eng. Fract. Mech., 70 (2003) 2307–2320. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-7944(02)00219-9
[12]. H. Sadouki, J. G. M. van Mier, Meso-level analysis of moisture flow in cement composites using a lattice-type approach, Mater. Struct., 30 (1997) 579–587. https://doi.org10.1007/bf02486899
[13]. A. Okabe, B. Boots, K. Sugihara, Spatial Tessellations: Concepts and Applications of Voronoi Diagrams. New York, NY, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1992.
[14]. G. Voronoi, Nouvelles applications des paramètres continus à la théorie des formes quadratiques. Deuxième mémoire. Recherches sur les parallélloèdres primitifs, J. Für Reine Angew. Math., 134 (1908) 198–287.
[15]. P. Grassl, A lattice approach to model flow in cracked concrete, Cem. Concr. Compos., 31 (2009) 454–460.
[16]. D. T. Pham, T. D. Nguyen, M. N. Vu, A. Chinkulkijniwat, Mesoscale approach to numerical modelling of thermo-mechanical behaviour of concrete at high temperature, Eur. J. Environ. Civ. Eng., 25 (2019) 1392-1348. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19648189.2019.1577762
[17]. D. T. Pham, L. Sorelli, M. Fafard, M.-N. Vu, Hydromechanical couplings of reinforced tensioned members of steel fiber reinforced concrete by dual lattice model, Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech, 45 (2020) 191-207. https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.3148
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Received
08/05/2023
Revised
11/06/2023
Accepted
14/06/2023
Type
Research Article
How to Cite
Phạm Đức, T., Bùi Trường, S., Trần Thế, T., & Võ Văn, N. (1). Chloride ions diffusion in reinforced concrete structure under flexural loading: experiment and lattice modelling. Transport and Communications Science Journal, 74(5), 644-654. https://doi.org/10.47869/tcsj.74.5.7
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