Short-term mechanical properties of geopolymer concrete incorporating sea sand
Email:
thuychi.dang@utc.edu.vn
Từ khóa:
Geopolymer concrete, mechanical properties, fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag, sea sand, sustainable construction.
Tóm tắt
The depletion of natural river sand and the environmental effect of Portland cement production have motivated the search for green building materials. This study investigates the short-term mechanical properties of geopolymer concrete (GPC) incorporating sea sand as fine aggregate. Class F fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag were employed as aluminosilicate precursors, activated by a dry sodium silicate-based powder. Nine mixtures were designed by varying activator content (8%, 11.5%, and 15% by binder mass) and water-to-binder (W/B) ratios (0.30, 0.35, and 0.40). A total of 108 cylindrical specimens were tested for compressive strength at the age of 3, 7, 14, and 28 days. Flexural tensile strength, splitting tensile strength, and elastic modulus were evaluated at 14 days for the optimal mixture. Results indicate rapid early-age strength development, with 3-day strength reaching 50–60% of 28-day strength. Increasing activator content significantly improved compressive strength, while increasing W/B ratio reduced strength. The 28-day compressive strength reached 44.8 MPa under ambient curing. Flexural and splitting tensile strengths exceeded predictions from conventional concrete design models. The findings preliminary demonstrate that sea sand can be effectively utilized in geopolymer concrete providing a sustainable option for construction in coastal regions.Tài liệu tham khảo
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[2]. R. Andrew, Global CO2 emissions from cement production, 1928–2018, Earth System Science Data, 11 (2019) 1675-1710. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1675-2019
[3]. J.L. Provis, Alkali-activated materials. Cement and Concrete Research, 114 (2018) 40-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2017.02.009
[4]. J. Davidovits, Geopolymer chemistry and applications, Institut Géopolymère, 5th edition, 2020.
[5]. H. Chen, Mechanical Properties of Seawater and Sea-Sand Geopolymer Concrete Using Response Surface Methodology, Case Studies in Construction Materials, 23 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2025.e05577
[6]. Y. Chen, Experimental analysis on mechanical properties of sea sand geopolymer recycled aggregate concrete, Construction and Building Materials, 457 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.139421
[7]. T.T. Pham, Experimental evaluation of geopolymer concrete strength using sea sand and sea water in mixture, Civil Engineering Journal, 8 (2022).
[8]. T.T. Nguyen, Evaluation of modulus of elasticity for eco-friendly concrete made with seawater and marine sand, Journal of Science and Technology in Civil Engineering (Huce), 15 (2021) 148–156. https://doi.org/10.31814/stce.huce(nuce)2021-15(4)-13
[9]. Dang Thuy Chi, Experimental study on the strength of geopolymer concrete using sea sand, Journal of Transport Science and Technology, 73 (2022) 277-287. https://doi.org/10.47869/tcsj.72.3.6
[10]. H.C. Truong, L.T. Vuong, H.T. Le, Study on the use of sea sand and seawater in geopolymer concrete production in Ha Tien City, Kien Giang province, The University of Danang - Journal of Science and Technology, 22 (2024) 136-40. https://doi:10.31130/ud-jst.2024.536E
[11]. D. Van Nguyen, T. Nguyen Tuan, T. Pham Thanh, Experimental study on pervious cement and pervious geopolymer concretes using sea sand and seawater. GEOMATE Journal, 23 (2022) 163-170.
[12]. Le Hong Quan, Tran Van Tuan, Dong Van Kien, Nguyen Van Chi, Cao Nhat Linh, Nguyen Van Trieu, Nguyen Duc Anh, Durability of reinforced geopolymer concrete using coral aggregates and seawater under accelerated corrosion, Journal of Science and Transport Technology, 6 (2026) 1-14. https://doi.org/10.58845/jstt.utt.2026.en.6.1.1-14
[13]. Thai Thanh Truc, Huynh Ngoc Minh, Do Quang Minh, Fly ash-based geopolymer mortars using seawater and sea sand, Ceramics-Silikáty 69 (1) (2025) 9-18. https://doi: 10.13168/cs.2024.0061
[14]. S.A. Bernal, J.L. Provis, Durability of alkali-activated materials: Progress and perspectives. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 97 (2014) 997-1008. https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.12831
[15]. B. Hardjito, B.V.Rangan, Development and properties of low-calcium fly ash-based geopolymer concrete. Curtin University of Technology, Research Report, 2005.
[16]. J.L.Provis, J.S.J. van Deventer, Alkali-Activated Materials, State of the Art Report, RILEM TC 224 (2014).
[17]. P. Cong, Y. Cheng, Advances in geopolymer materials: A comprehensive review, Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition), 8 (2021) 283-314.
[18]. C. Shi, D. Roy, P. Krivenko, Alkali-Activated Cements and Concretes, CRC Press, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482266900
[19]. H. Hardjasaputra, Study of mechanical properties of fly ash-based geopolymer concrete, IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 7th International Conference on Euro Asia Civil Engineering Forum, Stuttgart, Germany, 615 (2019).
[20]. Z. Yang, Efficient utilization of coral waste for internal curing material to prepare eco-friendly marine geopolymer concrete, Journal of Environmental Management, 368 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122173
Tải xuống
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Nhận bài
18/03/2026
Nhận bài sửa
11/05/2026
Chấp nhận đăng
13/05/2026
Xuất bản
15/05/2026
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Kiểu trích dẫn
Thuy Chi, D. (1778778000). Short-term mechanical properties of geopolymer concrete incorporating sea sand. Tạp Chí Khoa Học Giao Thông Vận Tải, 77(4), 431-445. https://doi.org/10.47869/tcsj.77.4.7
